Industrialization Precursors: An Agricultural Revolution Spain and the rest of continental Europe were largely excluded from industrialization during this period. The United States and Germany both surpassed England in steel production by 1900, while Russia, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire followed behind. Other nations were close behind England in developing industrial capability. Finally, England had a business class that had grown wealthy through commerce, especially from the transatlantic slave trade these people were able to reinvest profits into industry. Additionally, England’s growing population surpassed the amount of labor needed for agricultural production, thus providing surplus workers for industrial jobs. ![]() It also had plentiful natural resources, such as rivers, coal, and iron ore these provided energy to power factories and other manufacturing. England’s geographical position in the Atlantic Ocean gave it access to raw materials from around the globe as well as sea access to markets for its manufactured goods.
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